Encyonema
Kützing 1833 Category: Asymmetrical biraphid
TYPE SPECIES: Encyonema paradoxum Kützing
Image Credit: Sarah Spaulding, Friedel Hinz
CLASS: Bacillariophyceae
ORDER: Cymbellales
FAMILY: Cymbellaceae
- Dorsal margin highly arched
- Ventral margin straight or nearly straight
- Stigmoids present or absent, if present then located on the dorsal central area
- Distal raphe ends ventrally deflected
Encyonema frustules are asymmetrical to the apical axis and symmetrical to the transapical axis. The dorsal margin is highly arched, while the ventral margin in straight or nearly straight. Stigmoids may be present or absent. If a stigmoid is present, it is located on the dorsal side of the central area. Distal raphe ends are ventrally deflected, while distal raphe ends of Cymbella are dorsally deflected. Apical pore fields are absent.
Cells may grow as single cells, produce mucilaginous sheaths, or form colonies within mucilaginous tubes. Encyonema is broadly distributed across North America, primarily in benthic habitats.
Cite This Page:
Spaulding, S., and Edlund, M. (2009). Encyonema. In Diatoms of the United States. Retrieved May 20, 2013, from http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu/taxa/genus/Encyonema
Contributor: Sarah Spaulding | Mark Edlund - January 2009
Reviewer: Marina Potapova
Citations
Kociolek, J.P. and Stoermer, E.F. (1988). A preliminary investigation of the phylogenetic relationships among the freshwater, apical porefield-bearing cymbelloid and gomphonemoid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology 24: 377-385. 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1988.tb04480.x
Krammer, K. (1997). Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 2. Encyonema part., Encyonopsis and Cymbellopsis. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 37:1-469.
Patrick, R.M. and Reimer, C.W. (1966). The Diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii, V. 1. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13.
Vouilloud, A.A. Sala, S.E. Avellaneda, M.N. and Duque, S.R. (2010). Diatoms from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon: the genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis and Gomphonema (Cymbellales: Bacillariophyceae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58: 45-62.